PDCD1 and neoplasm: Considering our discoveries that IL-1β prompts the upregulation of CD274 and PDCD1LG2 mRNA, as well as PD-L1 protein in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, it is conceivable that heightened tumor or circulating IL-1β might additionally enhance the PD-1/PD-L1 axis’s suppression of cytotoxic T-cells.