As shown in Tables 4 and 5, after adjusting for confounding factors, the multivariable linear regression analysis showed that DM was independently associated with LV GRPS (β = − 0.217, p < 0.001),GCPS (β = 0.176, p = 0.005), GLPS (β = 0.253, p < 0.001), and PSDR_L(β = − 0.263, p < 0.001). The gene discussed is GLI3; the disease is diabetes mellitus.