SERPINE1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Indeed, the expression patterns and roles of these PCD-related genes align with their involvement in various cancers, corroborating our findings in ccRCC: SERPINE1, known for inhibiting tissue plasminogen activators and urokinase, has been consistently found to be highly expressed in multiple cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, and lung cancers.