CD274 and neoplasm: At the same time, the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells is upregulated, which is closely related to the phenomenon of immune suppression in the tumor site (Yin et al. 2019; Zhai et al. 2022; Wang and Haffty 2018; Tagliaferri et al. 2022; Kho et al. 2021) (Fig. 1).