These high estimates have motivated IBD genome‐wide association studies over the last 17 years,23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 which have collectively identified 320 loci associated with IBD,20 and contributed to the identification of genes that regulate the cellular processes that underlie Crohn's disease (e.g., NOD2 in innate immunity and ATG16L1 in autophagy). Here, NOD2 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.