While TMEM119 was expressed on nearly all cells expressing the pan-macrophage marker Iba1[40] 10 days post vehicle injection, only ~20% of Iba1+ cells expressed TMEM119 10 days post WNV-E218A infection (Fig 4A) indicating either a loss of TMEM119 expression by resident microglia or an influx of TMEM119- monocyte-derived macrophages. This evidence concerns the gene TMEM119 and infection.