Moreover, when comparing to ORI and ORI-NPs, NCs targeting GPC1 dramatically decreased the viability and increased apoptosis of BXPC-3 and PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer cell lines overexpressing GPC1) but not 293 T cells (pancreatic cancer cell line negative for GPC1) [155]. Here, GPC1 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.