VLDLR and atherosclerosis: By selectively knocking out HIF-1α in CD11c+ (as a marker of dendritic cells) APCs, it has been observed that the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the infiltration of T cells in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr−/−) mice are accelerated.91 These findings offer unprecedented insights into the function of HIF-1α in APCs in atherosclerosis, and identify HIF-1α to antagonize APC activation and Th1 T cell polarization during atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice and to attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis.