The generation of VEGF, free radicals, and NO, coupled with the upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), promotes the progression of atherosclerosis.89,102 Acute hypoxia leads to the activation of ECs, liberating inflammatory mediators and growth factors, thereby promoting the adhesion of phagocytes (such as neutrophils and macrophages) to the vascular wall. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and atherosclerosis.