SMAD3 and spontaneous coronary artery dissection: In a separate study, a cohort of 384 individuals with SCAD underwent exome sequencing in which all protein coding genes in the genome are evaluated, and 14 (3.6%) were found to have variants meeting clinical criteria for pathogenicity in a total of seven genes: PKD1 (n = 5), COL3A1 (n = 2), SMAD3 (n = 2), TGFB2 (n = 2), LOX (n = 1), MYLK (n = 1), and YY1AP1 (n = 1) [23•].