In our previous study, we demonstrated that mice with deletion of Phb1 in IECs (Phb1i∆IEC mice), including Paneth cells, manifested spontaneous ileitis by 20 weeks of age that was preceded by mitochondrial dysfunction in all epithelial cells, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and early abnormalities in Paneth cells [20]. Here, PHB1 is linked to Crohn ileitis.