TNF and Alzheimer disease: Neuroinflammation triggered by inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins [by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)], leukotrienes [by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)], and nitric oxide [by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)], as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6)] has been shown to play a role in the etiology of AD [10], along with oxidative stress [8].