Previous investigations of transcriptional profiles of IPF lung have largely been performed on whole lung tissue and have identified several thousand genes that are differentially regulated in IPF [10–17]; consistently reported genes and pathways include extracellular matrix organization and regulation, TGF-β signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mitochondrial homeostasis, bronchiolar epithelial genes, fibroblast genes, smooth muscle markers, cytokines and chemokines, growth factors and receptors. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.