Among the downregulated genes, glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (Gsto1) was in the top list (Fig. 3l), consistent with previous reports that the level of Gsto1 is associated with delaying age-at-onset of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) in patients23, and mutation at rs4925 of Gsto1 is a genetic marker for mild cognitive impairment in late-onset AD24. Here, GSTO1 is linked to Cognitive impairment.