TNF and infection: By performing H&E staining and ELISA at 7 days post-infection (dpi), we found that Sept2fl/flLyz2-Cre mice showed more severe inflammation in the lungs (Fig. 1b, c) and higher cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 in the BALF than control mice (Fig. 1d).