Recently, high HDL-apoE levels were found to be associated with improved cognitive function as measured by the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination in the elderly (> 75 years of age) [104], and high levels of plasma HDL-apoE lacking apoC-III were reported to be associated with better cognitive function and lower dementia risk in a prospective case-cohort of 1351 participants in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study [105]. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and dementia.