MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, is definitively diagnosed upon neuropathological evidence of amyloid plaques consisting of fibrillar beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides that deposit in the brain parenchyma and cerebral vessels, as well as neurofibrillary tangles consisting of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein that deposits within neurons [4].