ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTN, hypertension; HR, hazard ratio; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. Here, ACE is linked to hypertensive disorder.