To investigate the contribution of the parameters in predicting 12-month AF recurrence, we also applied a SHAP algorithm for the calculation and ranking of the contribution of each parameter; this is illustrated in Fig. 6A, in which LAAEF and LAAGPLS are shown to be negatively correlated with 12-month AF recurrence after RFA, while NT-proBNP, LAD, female sex and DM history are positively correlated with 12-month AF recurrence after RFA. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.