The modelling studies strongly suggest Cucurbita-5(10), 6,23-triene-3,25-diol binding to EGFR to be responsible for the observed anticancer activity of the EtOAc extract of C. colocynthis. Our results align with previous studies reporting the role of Cucurbita-5(10),6,23-triene-3,25-diol in cancer treatment34,35. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is cancer.