GATA4 and pancreatic agenesis: Previous human genetic studies of individuals with pancreatic agenesis, a rare congenital condition resulting from inappropriate pancreas development, identified evolutionarily conserved genes (GATA6 (ref. 1), GATA4 (ref. 2) and CNOT1 (ref. 3)) involved in the early stages of pancreatic development which have different dosage-dependent effects in mouse and human.