tRFs regulate myocardial hypertrophy by directly targeting the 3′ UTR of Timp3 via miRNA-like effects, and overexpression of both tRFs1 and tRFs2 expanded cardiomyocyte surface area and increased the expression of myocardial hypertrophy markers (atrial natriuretic factor, brain natriuretic peptide, and -myosin heavy chain). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and cardiac hypertrophy.