PBRM1 and renal cell carcinoma: Other mutations that have been identified as responsible for RCC through genome sequencing studies include BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP-1) which helps control cell division, cell growth, and cell death; polybromo-1 (PBRM1) that codes for an ATP dependent chromatin remodelling protein; set domain-containing protein-2 (SETD2) responsible for the production of histone methyltransferase; and phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate 3-kinase gene (PIK3CA) that imparts directions for producing p110 protein, a subunit of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase enzyme [14].