Overall, the gut microbiome is an integral aspect of the circadian rhythm, with the capacity of butyrate to optimize mitochondrial function and upregulate the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway, indicating that the gut microbiome will be intimately linked to the interactions of melatonin/BAG-1/GR activation in tumors and other cells of the tumor microenvironment. Here, BAG1 is linked to neoplasm.