APOL1 and HIV-associated nephropathy: Since fly does not carry a gene homologous to APOL1, we produced transgenic Drosophila melanogaster lines that carry the human APOL1-G0 reference allele (obtained from OriGene, with M228 and R255 mutagenized to I228 and K255 to match APOL1-G1) or an APOL1-G1 risk allele that had been derived previously from a patient diagnosed with HIVAN (Fu et al., 2017a).