Although a statistically nonsignificant decrease in SOD2 was found in the samples of the endometriosis group (0.017 ± 0.003) compared with the control group (0.030 ± 0.006), SOD2 levels were significantly increased (P = 0.0006) in the samples of the endometrial cancer group (0.120 ± 0.023). The gene discussed is SOD2; the disease is endometrial cancer.