S100B and Obesity: This study mainly aimed to examine the effect of thylakoid supplementation combined with a low-calorie diet on the gut-brain axis by evaluating the levels of neurotrophic factors such as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100 B) in order to assess neuroinflammation caused by LPS secreted from gut microbiota in PCOS women with obesity.