INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Conversely, in patients with T2DM, who typically exhibit normal or increased BMD, pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic osteopathy are associated with insulin resistance, elevated levels of AGEs affecting collagen and bone matrix quality, and extrinsic factors such as increased mechanical loading due to obesity, or the impact of specific glucose-lowering medications such as insulin or thiazolidinediones [102–105].