Phosphorylation of ASK1 on threonine 845 was significantly increased in the BO-group (Control vs. BO; 100 ± 19 vs. 392 ± 32%, P < 0.01 vs. Control), and the increase was suppressed by Cap (BO vs. BO + Cap; 392 ± 32 vs. 197 ± 83%, P < 0.01 vs. BO) (Fig. 6D). This evidence concerns the gene MAP3K5 and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.