Although the total amount of TBK1 protein was slightly reduced in the ALS spinal cords (Fig. 1F), the TBK1 protein levels remained unaltered in the brains of the patients (Fig. 1C) and ALS mouse models (Fig. 1I), suggesting that inactivation of TBK1 rather than degradation of TBK1 protein predominantly caused the reduction in pTBK1 levels. The gene discussed is TBK1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.