Furthermore, L-arginine, a precursor of NO, alleviated cognitive impairments, potentially due to a NO-mediated improvement in insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM)-induced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Miczke et al. 2015; H. Dubey et al. 2022a, b). Here, INS is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.