TWIST1 and neoplasm: After the breakdown of the basement membrane in local tumor tissue, for example, they undergo changes by losing their polar epithelial characteristics, such as the expression of e-cadherin, and gain a migratory phenotype, acquiring fibroblast markers such as vimentin, fibronectin, FSP-1, Snail, Slug, Twist1, αSMA-1, FOXC2, ZEB1, and N-cadherin (Mani et al., 2008; Isert, 2023).