TLR3 and infection: Indeed, while the ability of TLR3 to trigger type I IFN synthesis has been demonstrated in certain cell models following infection by DENV (Tsai et al., 2009; Nasirudeen et al., 2011), the results obtained with other flaviviruses, in particular ZIKV or WNV, are less clear (Fredericksen and Gale, 2006; Hamel et al., 2015).