SERPINE1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Other studies have shown that increased SERPINE1 levels are closely related to insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and lipid metabolism disorders (42, 43), which could also partially explain the observed increase in SERPINE1 at the mRNA and protein levels at 24h post-MCAO.