TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: In mice with graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotube (GMWCNT)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, high expression of cGAS, STING, IFN-β, NF-κB, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 indicates the induction of an inflammatory response through activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway (29).