Shiode et al. observed that already 10 days after flap surgery, the macular hole was closed and a proliferation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells and Müller cells, as well as an increase in neurotrophic factors such as fibroblast growth factor on the ILM surface could be detected in the context of neuronal remodeling [26]. This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and macular holes.