PPARGC1A and preeclampsia: Apelin and exercise increase AMPK, PGC-1α, PI3k, and AKT1 leading, to stimulation of GLUT4 and GLUT1 in pregnant rats while also stimulating eNOS/NO, increasing PlGF, decreasing sFlt-1, decreasing sEng, and reducing oxidative stress to improve preeclampsia symptoms (Fig. 3).