EDN1 and preeclampsia: Administration of apelin reduces blood pressure and increases heart rate, ejection fraction, and baroreflex sensitivity in rats with preeclampsia, and improves proteinuria, oxidative stress markers (4-HNE and NOX-4) [28] while also increasing mean arterial blood pressure, total urine protein, serum urea, creatinine, interleukin-6, endothelin-1, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, improving renal structure and decreasing serum NO levels in rats [69].