INS and polycystic ovary syndrome: Pro-inflammatory mediators in PCOSpatients can disrupt insulin release and stimulate the production of androgensthrough ovarian theca cells, playing an essential role in inducing hyperandrogenism(HA) (Al-Jefout et al., 2017;Bongrani et al., 2022).Low-grade chronic inflammation has emerged as the main cause of long-term adverseoutcomes in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (Rojas et al., 2014).