In this study, treating NASH rats with EMPA for 8 weeks significantly improved IR, lipid profile, and liver function tests, and downregulated hepatic inflammatory cytokines in addition to TGF-β1 via decreasing hepatic NF-κB in agreement with prior studies (Mohamed et al. 2020, Al-Wakeel et al. 2022). Here, TGFB1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.