HMGA1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: The present study shows that CA appears to have different effects from 25HC and 27HC in regulating DNMT activities: CA upregulates calcium-AMPK signaling pathways and significantly decreases the expression of key genes, including PSCK9, HMGR, ACC-1, and FAS, which are the key elements in cholesterol, fatty acid, and triglyceride biosynthesis, resulting in decreases in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and improving liver function in high-fat diet-induced MASLD mouse model.