It is well known that FN1, as a fibrogenic cytokine, plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of fibrosis in DKD.[44,45] Recently, overexpression of FN1 has been found to promote disease progression in a variety of diseases, including heart failure[46] and neoplastic diseases,[47] and is associated with macrophage M2 polarization. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and heart failure.