Mechanistically, exercise promoted the level of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 lysine lactylation in plaque endothelial cell nuclei, which regulated the activity of the epiregulin/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, ultimately reducing the endothelial cell inflammatory response and attenuating plaque development in ASCVD.[48] In a mouse model of ischemic stroke, exercise preconditioning reduced the proportion of M1 microglia and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 in the peri-infarct cortex. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and ischemic stroke.