In a population study, pregnant women were divided into a healthy control group (non-GDM group), a dietary treatment control group (GDM-D group), and an insulin treatment group with dietary control failure (GDM-I group) to compare the effects of dietary control as well as insulin treatment on the gut microbiota of pregnant women with GDM and their newborns [71]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is gestational diabetes.