SOD1 and gestational diabetes: The GDM resulted in increased liver GSH-Px activity for adult female offspring based on factorial analysis (p < 0.001); Se deficiency in maternal mice led to a decrease in GSH-Px (p < 0.001) and SOD activities (p = 0.005); the interaction between GDM and Se deficiency impacted GSH-Px activity (p < 0.001) (Figure 2E).