The effect of GDM and Se deficiency on the expression level of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins in the liver of adult female offspring is shown in Figure 3K. The expression level of the PI3K protein in the LSe and LSe-GDM groups was significantly higher than that in the CON and GDM groups (Figure 3L); the expression level of the Akt protein in the CON group was significantly higher than that in the GDM and LSe groups, and that in the LSe-GDM group was significantly higher than the GDM and LSe groups (Figure 3M). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is gestational diabetes.