Patients were also matched for any concomitant medications being taken for the management of their symptoms related to CKD, with 9 patients in each group taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (23.7% in the HE-LPF group and 25.3% in the control group) and 12 patients in each group taking keto-analogues (Ketosteril®, Fresenius Kabi GmbH) (HE-LPF group 31.6%, control group 34.3%). This evidence concerns the gene ACE and chronic kidney disease.