PIK3CA and atherosclerosis: Subsequently, pathway enrichment analysis based on the KEGG pathway database revealed that the putative targets of saffron for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis are significantly involved in the calcium signaling pathway, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, endocrine resistance, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, and the cAMP signaling pathway (Figure 5B,C).