INS and diabetes mellitus: Our analysis, therefore, will proceed as follows: we will analyze the differences in diabetic nephropathy in T1 vs. T2DM vs. animal models of DM; these differences shall not be explained by hyperglycemia and could be attributed to non-insulin hormones, hyper-lipidemia, age, or off-target effects of insulin treatment; at variance, similarities in the two forms might be attributed to hyperglycemia.