A more recent study on a murine model of streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) reported the efficacy of bLf administration in decreasing serum concentrations of glycated serum protein and fasting insulin, and increasing liver insulin sensitivity, mainly through the upregulated expression of the insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, GLUT-4, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt. This evidence concerns the gene IRS1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.