VEGFA and retinal disorder: Biochemical factors with genetic influences that were proposed as modulators of the pathogenesis of retinopathy and disturbance of metabolic pathways were associated with the accumulation of sorbitol, advanced glycation end-products (AGE), oxidative stress, protein kinase C activation, inflammation, and upregulation of the renin-angiotensin system, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and aldose reductase [2,6,7].