We can speculate that the up-regulation of BDNF activated some anti-nociceptive mechanisms, since it was shown that over-expression of BDNF in the rat spinal cord was associated with amelioration of chronic neuropathic pain after partial nerve injury [89] and that a chronically applied, low local dose of BDNF supplied by transplanted cells near the spinal dorsal horn was able to reverse the development of chronic neuropathic pain following CCI [90]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is injury.