IFNG and Alzheimer disease: To understand the underlying action mechanism of TPS240 in improving skin lesions and inhibiting AD-associated chemokines (CCL17, CCL22) and pruritic cytokines (TSLP, IL-31), we investigated the phosphorylation of MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT pathway-related proteins using Western blot analysis in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells.