TNF and neoplasm: In comparison to sEV separated from untreated cells, an enhanced expression of active caspase 3, pro-apoptotic caspase adaptor protein, and TNF-α was observed, as well as a reduced expression of mucin 1 (MUC1), (one of the most highly upregulated proteins in multiple tumor types) in sEV-HT isolated from both UFH- and LMWH-treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cell cultures.